By Robert Asiimwe (Mungudit)
The situation in Nebbi is particularly alarming as the garbage is burnt near the market in the east, which holds a significant population. Moreover, the burning occurs near key institutions such as the Nebbi District Local Government office and Nebbi General Hospital in the west. The proximity to these vital areas exacerbates the public health risks and highlights the urgency for immediate intervention.
Municipal authorities have stated that the 20-year-old tractor responsible for garbage collection is broken down. Furthermore, the funds needed for its repair are currently stuck in the Bank of Uganda's single account, creating a financial bottleneck. While this explains the logistical difficulties faced by the municipality, it does not justify the harmful practice of open burning.
Open garbage burning in the heart of Nebbi municipality is not just an environmental concern, it is a pressing public health issue that demands immediate attention from both authorities and citizens. Despite the clear dangers, Uganda's existing environmental laws do not specifically address the burning of garbage especially plastics, and the enforcement of these laws remains weak. The National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) has called for immediate action to tackle this issue and prevent further environmental contamination.
The National Environment (Waste Management) Regulations, S.I. No. 49 of 2020, prohibit leaving, storing, or transporting waste in a manner that causes damage or nuisance to the environment. However, specific penalties for offenses such as open burning of garbage and other materials that emit harmful pollutants are yet to be stipulated. This regulatory gap contributes to the ongoing practice of open burning, which undermines public health and environmental integrity.
Open burning releases harmful pollutants such as particulate matter, carbon monoxide, and toxic chemicals like dioxins and furans into the air. These pollutants degrade air quality, contaminate soil and water sources, and threaten local biodiversity. The smoke and emissions pose severe respiratory risks, including asthma and bronchitis, and long-term exposure can lead to chronic diseases and cancer.
The smoke and odor from burning waste are a public nuisance, reducing the quality of life for residents. Additionally, the health impacts translate into significant economic costs for healthcare and environmental cleanup. Addressing these consequences diverts resources that could be better spent on sustainable development.
Recognizing the urgency, NEMA has proposed regulations to outlaw open burning of garbage and other combustible materials that emit air pollutants affecting air quality. These proposed regulations are a step in the right direction but need to be accompanied by specific penalties and strict enforcement to be effective.
Recommendations for Action
Expedite Fund Release: Immediate action should be taken to release the necessary funds from the Bank of Uganda's single account to repair the broken tractor. This is a critical step to resume regular garbage collection and prevent further environmental degradation.
Adopt Proper Waste Management Practices: Nebbi municipality should transition to recycling, composting, and using approved waste disposal facilities. Temporary solutions, such as hiring private waste collection services, can be considered until the municipality’s equipment is repaired.
Raise Public Awareness: Education campaigns are needed to inform the public about the dangers of open burning and the benefits of alternative waste management methods. Encouraging community involvement in waste segregation and composting can also reduce the volume of waste needing collection.
Enforce Regulations: Authorities must enforce the proposed regulations once enacted, including imposing specific penalties for violations. This includes monitoring compliance and taking corrective actions against those who violate waste management laws.
By implementing these measures, Nebbi municipality can protect its environment, safeguard public health, and enhance the quality of life for its citizens. It is time for both authorities and residents to take collective action against open garbage burning and embrace sustainable waste management practices.
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